Struggling HO: January 2016

~~¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .before~~
A . . . . . . . . . . . . .assistance
AAA . . . . . . . . . . .abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAROM . . . . . . . .active, assistive range of motion
Abd . . . . . . . . . . .abduction
ABG . . . . . . . . . . .arterial blood gases
ACL . . . . . . . . . . .anterior cruciate ligament
A.C. . . . . . . . . . . .before meals
Add . . . . . . . . . . .adduction
ADLs . . . . . . . . . .activities of daily living
ad lib . . . . . . . . . .as desired
AE . . . . . . . . . . . .above elbow
AFib . . . . . . . . . . .atrial fibrillation
AFO . . . . . . . . . . .ankle foot orthosis
AK . . . . . . . . . . . .above knee
AMA . . . . . . . . . .against medical advice
amb . . . . . . . . . .ambulation
ANS . . . . . . . . . . .autonomic nervous system
AP . . . . . . . . . . . .anterior-posterior
APL . . . . . . . . . . .abductor pollicis longus
ARD . . . . . . . . . . .adult respiratory distress
AROM . . . . . . . . .active range of motion
ASA . . . . . . . . . .aspirin
ASCVD . . . . . . . .arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ASIS . . . . . . . . . .anterior superior iliac spine
ATFL . . . . . . . . . .anterior talofibular ligament
A-V . . . . . . . . . . .arterio-venous
B . . . . . . . . . . . . .bilateral
BBB . . . . . . . . . . .bundle branch block
B&B . . . . . . . . . .bowel & bladder
BE . . . . . . . . . . . .below elbow
BID . . . . . . . . . . .twice daily
BK . . . . . . . . . . . .below knee
BMI . . . . . . . . . . .body mass index
BMR . . . . . . . . . .basal metabolic ratenterior superior iliac spine
ATFL . . . . . . . . . .anterior talofibular ligament
A-V . . . . . . . . . . .arterio-venous
B . . . . . . . . . . . . .bilateral
BBB . . . . . . . . . . .bundle branch block
B&B . . . . . . . . . .bowel & bladder
BE . . . . . . . . . . . .below elbow
BID . . . . . . . . . . .twice daily
BK . . . . . . . . . . . .below knee
BMI . . . . . . . . . . .body mass index
BMR . . . . . . . . . .basal metabolic rate
BM . . . . . . . . . . . .bowel movement
BOS . . . . . . . . . . .base of support
BP . . . . . . . . . . . .blood pressure
BRP . . . . . . . . . . .bathroom privileges
BS . . . . . . . . . . . .breath sounds
BUN . . . . . . . . . .blood urea nitrogen
Bx . . . . . . . . . . . .biopsy
c¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with
Ca++ . . . . . . . . . .calcium
CA . . . . . . . . . . . .cancer
CABG . . . . . . . . .coronary artery bypass graft
CAD . . . . . . . . . . .coronary artery disease
CBC . . . . . . . . . . .complete blood count
CC . . . . . . . . . . . .chief complaint
CCE . . . . . . . . . . .clubbing, claudication, edema
CHF . . . . . . . . . . .congestive heart failure
CHI . . . . . . . . . . .closed head injury
CKC . . . . . . . . . . .closed kinetic chain
CN . . . . . . . . . . . .cranial nerve
CNS . . . . . . . . . . .central nervous system
c/o . . . . . . . . . . . .complaints of
CO . . . . . . . . . . . .cardiac output
COPD . . . . . . . . .chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CP . . . . . . . . . . . .cerebral palsy
CP . . . . . . . . . . . .chest pain
CPK . . . . . . . . . . .creatine phosphokinase
CPM . . . . . . . . . .continuous passive motion
CPP . . . . . . . . . . .closed packed position
CPR . . . . . . . . . . .cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CSF . . . . . . . . . . .cerebral spinal fluid
CT . . . . . . . . . . . .computed tomography
CTS . . . . . . . . . . .carpal tunnel syndrome
Ctx . . . . . . . . . . . .cervical traction
CVA . . . . . . . . . . .cerebral vascular accident
CXR . . . . . . . . . .chest x-ray
D/C . . . . . . . . . . .discharge
DDD . . . . . . . . . . .degenerative disc disease
DDX . . . . . . . . . . .differential diagnosis
DF . . . . . . . . . . . .dorsiflexion
DIP . . . . . . . . . . . .distal interphalangeal
DJD . . . . . . . . . . .degenerative joint disease
DM . . . . . . . . . . .diabetes mellitus
DNR . . . . . . . . . . .do not resuscitate
DOB . . . . . . . . . . .date of birth
DOE . . . . . . . . . . .dyspnea on exertion
DPT . . . . . . . . . . .diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
DSD . . . . . . . . . . .dry sterile dressing
DTR . . . . . . . . . . .deep tendon reflexes
DVT . . . . . . . . . . .deep vein thrombosis
Dx . . . . . . . . . . . .diagnosis
EAA . . . . . . . . . . .essential amino acids
BL . . . . . . . . . . . .estimated blood loss
EEG . . . . . . . . . . .electroencephalogram
ECK, EKG . . . . . .electrocardiogram
EMG . . . . . . . . . .electromyogram
ENT . . . . . . . . . . .ear, nose, throat
EOMI . . . . . . . . . .extra-ocular motion intact
EPB . . . . . . . . . . .extensor pollicis brevis
ER . . . . . . . . . . . .external rotation
ESR . . . . . . . . . . .erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ETOH . . . . . . . . . .ethyl alcohol
ev . . . . . . . . . . . .eversion
Ex . . . . . . . . . . . .exercise
Ext . . . . . . . . . . . .extension
F . . . . . . . . . . . . .frequency
FAQ . . . . . . . . . . .full arc quads
FB . . . . . . . . . . . .feedback
f/b . . . . . . . . . . . .followed by
FCU . . . . . . . . . . .flexor carpi ulnaris
FDP . . . . . . . . . . .flexor digitorum profundus
FEV . . . . . . . . . . .forced expiratory volume
flex . . . . . . . . . . .flexion
FOOSH . . . . . . . .fall on outstretched hand
FPL . . . . . . . . . . .flexor pollicis longus
FRC . . . . . . . . . . .functional residual capacity
FUO . . . . . . . . . . .fever of unknown origin
FVC . . . . . . . . . . .forced vital capacity
FWB . . . . . . . . . .full weight bearing
Fx . . . . . . . . . . . .fracture
f/u . . . . . . . . . . . .follow-up
GB . . . . . . . . . . . .gallbladder
GI . . . . . . . . . . . . .gastrointestinal

Grav. 1 . . . . . . . .number of pregnancies (para = births)
GSW . . . . . . . . . .gunshot wound
GTO . . . . . . . . . . .Golgi tendon organ
GTT . . . . . . . . . . .glucose tolerance test
GU . . . . . . . . . . . .genitourinary
GXT . . . . . . . . . . .graded exercise tolerance
H&H . . . . . . . . . .hematocrit & hemoglobin
HA . . . . . . . . . . . .headache
Hct . . . . . . . . . . . .hematocrit
HDL . . . . . . . . . . .high density lipoprotein
HEENT . . . . . . . .head, ears, eyes, nose, throat
Hgb . . . . . . . . . . .hemoglobin
HIV . . . . . . . . . . .human immunodeficiency virus
HNP . . . . . . . . . . .herniated nucleus pulposus
H/O . . . . . . . . . . .history of
HOB . . . . . . . . . . .head of bed
HP . . . . . . . . . . . .hot pack
HPI . . . . . . . . . . . .history of present illness
HR . . . . . . . . . . . .heart rate
HTN . . . . . . . . . . .hypertension
Hx . . . . . . . . . . . .history
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . .independent
I + D . . . . . . . . . . .incision & drainage
I + O . . . . . . . . . .input & output
ICS . . . . . . . . . .intercostal space
ICU . . . . . . . . . . .intensive care unit
IDDM . . . . . . . . . .insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
I/E ratio . . . . . . . .inspiratory/expiratory ratio
IM . . . . . . . . . . . .intramuscular
inv . . . . . . . . . . . .inversion
IP . . . . . . . . . . . . .interphalangeal joint
IPPB . . . . . . . . . . .intermittent positive pressure breathing
IR . . . . . . . . . . . . .internal rotation
IRDM . . . . . . . . . .insulin resistant diabetes mellitus
ITB . . . . . . . . . . . .iliotibial band
IV . . . . . . . . . . . . .intravenous
JODM . . . . . . . . .juvenile onset diabetes mellitus
JRA . . . . . . . . . . .juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
JVD . . . . . . . . . . .jugular vein distension
KAFO . . . . . . . . . .knee ankle foot orthosis
KUB . . . . . . . . . . .kidney, ureter, bladder
L . . . . . . . . . . . . .left
LBP . . . . . . . . . . .low back pain
LBQC . . . . . . . . . .large-base quad cane
LCL . . . . . . . . . . .lateral collateral ligament
LDH . . . . . . . . . . .serum lactic dehydrogenase
LE . . . . . . . . . . . .lower extremity
LKS . . . . . . . . . . .liver, kidney, spleen
LLB . . . . . . . . . . .long leg brace
LLC . . . . . . . . . . .long leg cast
LLQ . . . . . . . . . . .left lower quadrant
LMN . . . . . . . . . .lower motor neuron
LMP . . . . . . . . . . .last menstrual period
LOC . . . . . . . . . . .loss of consciousness
LOS . . . . . . . . . . .length of stay
LP . . . . . . . . . . . .lumbar puncture
LTG . . . . . . . . . . .long-term goal
LUQ . . . . . . . . . . .left upper quadrant
MAFO . . . . . . . . .molded ankle foot orthosis
MAL . . . . . . . . . .midaxillary line
max . . . . . . . . . . .maximum
MCL . . . . . . . . . . .midclavicular line
MCL . . . . . . . . . . .medial collateral ligament
MCP . . . . . . . . . .metacarpal phalangeal
MH . . . . . . . . . . .moist heat
min . . . . . . . . . . .minimum
MI . . . . . . . . . . . .myocardial infarction
mm . . . . . . . . . . .muscle
MMR . . . . . . . . . .measles, mumps, rubella
MMT . . . . . . . . . .manual muscle test
mod . . . . . . . . . . .moderate
MOI . . . . . . . . . . .mechanism of injury
MRI . . . . . . . . . . .magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA . . . . . . . . .methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus
MS . . . . . . . . . . . .multiple sclerosis
MTrP . . . . . . . . . .myofascial trigger point
MTP . . . . . . . . . . .metatarsal phalangeal
MVA . . . . . . . . . .motor vehicle accident
MWD . . . . . . . . . .microwave diathermy
n/a . . . . . . . . . . . .not applicable
N + V . . . . . . . . . .nausea and vomiting
NAD . . . . . . . . . .no acute distress
NCV . . . . . . . . . . .nerve conduction velocity
ng . . . . . . . . . . . .nasogastric
NIDDM . . . . . . . .noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
NKA . . . . . . . . . . .no known allergies
NKDA . . . . . . . . .no known drug allergies
nn . . . . . . . . . . . .nerve
NPO . . . . . . . . . . .nothing by mouth
NSA . . . . . . . . . . .no significant abnormality
NSAID . . . . . . . . .nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NSR . . . . . . . . . . .normal sinus rhythm
NWB . . . . . . . . . .non-weight bearing
02 . . . . . . . . . . . . .oxygen
OA . . . . . . . . . . . .osteoarthritis
OB . . . . . . . . . . . .obstetrics
OKC . . . . . . . . . . .open kinetic chain
OOB . . . . . . . . . .out of bed
OPP . . . . . . . . . . .open packed position
ORIF . . . . . . . . . .open reduction, internal fixation
OT . . . . . . . . . . . .occupational therapy
P + A . . . . . . . . . .percussion and auscultation
P + PD . . . . . . . . .percussion + postural drainage
p . . . . . . . . . . . . .after
PA . . . . . . . . . . . .posterior-anterior
PAC . . . . . . . . . . .premature atrial contraction
PAO2 . . . . . . . . . .alveolar oxygen
PaO2 . . . . . . . . . .peripheral arterial oxygen content
PAP . . . . . . . . . . .pulmonary artery pressure
PCL . . . . . . . . . . .posterior cruciate ligament
PD . . . . . . . . . . . .postural drainage
PDR . . . . . . . . . . .Physicians’ Desk Reference
PE . . . . . . . . . . . .pulmonary embolus
PEEP . . . . . . . . . .positive end expiratory pressure
PERLA . . . . . . . . .pupils equal reactive to light accommodation

PF . . . . . . . . . . . .plantar flexion
PFT . . . . . . . . . . .pulmonary function tests
PID . . . . . . . . . . . .pelvic inflammatory disease
PIP . . . . . . . . . . . .proximal interphalangeal
PMH . . . . . . . . . .past medical history
PNF . . . . . . . . . . .proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
P.O. . . . . . . . . . . .by mouth
POD . . . . . . . . . . .post-op day
PR . . . . . . . . . . . .pulse rate
PRE . . . . . . . . . . .progressive resistive exercises
prn . . . . . . . . . . . .as necessary
PROM . . . . . . . . .passive range of motion
PSIS . . . . . . . . . .posterior superior iliac spine
pt . . . . . . . . . . . . .patient
PTB . . . . . . . . . . .patellar tendon bearing
PTFL . . . . . . . . . .posterior talofibular ligament
PVC . . . . . . . . . . .premature ventricular contraction
PVD . . . . . . . . . . .peripheral vascular disease
PWB . . . . . . . . . .partial weight bearing
Px . . . . . . . . . . . .problem
q2° . . . . . . . . . . . .every two hours
R . . . . . . . . . . . . .right
RA . . . . . . . . . . . .rheumatoid arthritis
RBC . . . . . . . . . . .red blood count/cells
RCL . . . . . . . . . . .radial collateral ligament
RHD . . . . . . . . . . .rheumatic heart disease
RLQ . . . . . . . . . . .right lower quadrant
r/o . . . . . . . . . . . .rule out
ROM . . . . . . . . . .range of motion
ROS . . . . . . . . . . .review of systems
RPE . . . . . . . . . . .rate of perceived exertion
RR . . . . . . . . . . . .respiratory rate
RUQ . . . . . . . . . .right upper quadrant
RV . . . . . . . . . . . .residual volume
Rx . . . . . . . . . . . .treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .without s¯
S . . . . . . . . . . . . .supervision
S1 . . . . . . . . . . . .first heart sound
S2 . . . . . . . . . . . .second heart sound
SAQ . . . . . . . . . . .short arc quad
SBQC . . . . . . . . .small base quad cane
SC . . . . . . . . . . . .straight cane
SC . . . . . . . . . . . .sternoclavicular
SCI . . . . . . . . . . . .spinal cord injury
SCM . . . . . . . . . .sternocleidomastoid
SGOT . . . . . . . . .serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
SI . . . . . . . . . . . . .sacroiliac
SLB . . . . . . . . . . .short leg brace
SLP . . . . . . . . . . .speech & language pathology
SLR . . . . . . . . . . .straight leg raises
SOAP . . . . . . . . .subjective, objective, assessment, plan
SOB . . . . . . . . . . .short of breath
s/p . . . . . . . . . . . .status post
SPC . . . . . . . . . . .single-point cane
STG . . . . . . . . . . .short-term goal
SV . . . . . . . . . . . .stroke volume
SWD . . . . . . . . . .short wave diathermy
Sx . . . . . . . . . . . .symptoms
S & S . . . . . . . . . .signs and symptoms
TB . . . . . . . . . . . .tuberculosis
TBI . . . . . . . . . . . .traumatic brain injury
TENS . . . . . . . . .transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation
TE . . . . . . . . . . . .therapeutic exercise
TFCC . . . . . . . . . .triangular fibrocartilage complex
TFL . . . . . . . . . . .tensor fascia latae
TFM . . . . . . . . . . .transverse friction massage
THL . . . . . . . . . . .transverse humeral ligament
THR . . . . . . . . . . .total hip replacement
tid . . . . . . . . . . . .three times daily
TKE . . . . . . . . . . .terminal knee extension
TKR . . . . . . . . . . .total knee replacement
TLC . . . . . . . . . . .total lung capacity
TMJ . . . . . . . . . . .temporomandibular joint
TOS . . . . . . . . . . .thoracic outlet syndrome
TPR . . . . . . . . . . .temperature, pulse, respiration
TPR . . . . . . . . . . .total peripheral resistance
TTP . . . . . . . . . . .tender to palpation
TTWB . . . . . . . . .toe touch weight bearing
TURP . . . . . . . . . .transurethral resection of prostate
TV . . . . . . . . . . . .tidal volume
TVH . . . . . . . . . . .total vaginal hysterectomy
Tx . . . . . . . . . . . .treatment or traction
UCHD . . . . . . . . .usual childhood disease
UCL . . . . . . . . . . .ulnar collateral ligament
UE . . . . . . . . . . . .upper extremity
ULNT . . . . . . . . . .upper limb neurodynamic test(s)
UMN . . . . . . . . . .upper motor neuron
URI . . . . . . . . . . .upper respiratory infection
US . . . . . . . . . . . .ultrasound
UTI . . . . . . . . . . .urinary tract infection
UV . . . . . . . . . . . .ultraviolet
VC . . . . . . . . . . . .vital capacity
VMO . . . . . . . . . .vastus medialis obliquus
V/O . . . . . . . . . . .verbal order
VPC . . . . . . . . . . .ventricular precontraction
VS . . . . . . . . . . . .vital signs
VTO . . . . . . . . . . .verbal telephone order
WBAT . . . . . . . . .weight bearing as tolerated
WBC . . . . . . . . . .white blood count/cells
WBTT . . . . . . . . .weight bearing to tolerance
WBQC . . . . . . . . .wide-base quad cane
WC . . . . . . . . . . .wheelchair
WFL . . . . . . . . . . .within functional limits
WNL . . . . . . . . . .within normal limits
WP . . . . . . . . . . . .whirlpool
XCT . . . . . . . . . . .chemotherapy
XRT . . . . . . . . . . .radiation therapy
yo . . . . . . . . . . . .years old
1° . . . . . . . . . . . . .primary
2° . . . . . . . . . . . . .secondary
< . . . . . . . . . . . . .less than
> . . . . . . . . . . . . .greater than
↑ . . . . . . . . . . . . .increase
↓ . . . . . . . . . . . . .decrease
|| . . . . . . . . . . . . . .parallel

USMLE Step 2 CS Mnemonics Photo Gallery: http://www.medical-institution.com/usmle-step-2-cs-mnemonics-photo-gallery/

‘BP Copper’ is a neat reminder of the relationship between arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance (PR).

BP Copper ~ BP = CO × PR

Systolic pressure = Squeezing (the heart)

Diastolic = Dilating heart or D for down

Fluid compartments
This one needs a little bit of thought (stay calm – it’s not too much). You need to say to yourself ‘1-2-3-30-45 if pit’. It works something like this:

1-2-3-30-45 …………… If Pit

12 litres .............................IF Interstitial Fluid
3 litres (plasma)................ P Plasma
30 litres (inside cells) ........I Inside cells
45 litres (total body water) T Total body water

Heart sounds

The first heart sound (S1) is made up of a mitral component (M1) and a tricuspid (T1) component (in order of valve closure). The second (S2) is made up of A2 (aortic) followed by the pulmonary valve closure (P2). This gives a sequence from S1 to S2 of M1–T1–A2–P2. You will find this sequence easy to learn with ‘Mighty Ape’.

Mighty Ape

MighTy M1 T1
APe A2 P2

Adrenoreceptor

Alpha stimulant for smooth muscle

Beta makes ‘em Bigger And what about beta receptors in the heart and lungs? It’s easy to learn which subtype predominates in each. The heart has predominantly beta-1 receptors, and the lungs have mainly beta-2, and of course you have one heart and two lungs. So:

One Heart Two Lungs

One heart Beta one
Two lungs Beta two

Mumps

Moping about mumps is a sure-fire way of remembering its four main symptoms.

MOPE

M Meningism
O Orchitis/Oophoritis
P Parotitis/Pancreatitis/Paramyxovirus
E Encephalitis

Cytomegalovirus

The abbreviation for cytomegalovirus is CMV, which – somewhat conveniently – is an acronym for the main symptoms of the disease.

CMV

C Colitis
M Mouth dysphagia and oesophogeal ulceration
V Visual problems (retinitis)

Rashes and fevers

The following anonymous chart is a guide to which day the rash typically appears on after the prodrome – e.g. the rubella rash develops on the first day of the onset of fever/illness, and the scarlet fever rash appears on the second day. Note there is no rash appearing at day 6.

Really Sick People Must Take No Exercise